It has a melting point of 98°c and a boiling point of 883°c. It is a metallic solid at room temperature that is easily cut by a knife. It is located in Group 1, the Alkali metals. Sodium was discovered and isolated by Humphry Davy in 1807 who made it by separating sodium hydroxide using electrolysis. Sodium chloride is a common salt that is used widely in food preparation and also chemical reactions. Sodium Hydroxide is a widely used reagent in many chemical reactions as an alkali. However, it is the compounds of Sodium that have the most uses. Sodium metal itself has some uses in nuclear reactors and as a reagent in some chemical reactions due to its reactivity. Sodium is present in most living organisms and plays a large part in nerve transmissions in organisms. Much like Lithium, it is stored under oil to prevent oxidation by moisture and oxygen. It is an Alkali metal which will readily react with water to produce sodium hydroxide and also easily tarnishes in oxygen. ![]() Sodium is a highly reactive metal in Group 1 of the periodic table. It is an Alkali Metal and is located in Group 1 of the periodic table. Coordination of the activities of these systems, at the cell and whole plant levels, ensures plant K(+) nutrition, use of Na(+) as a beneficial element, and adaptation to saline conditions.Ĭhannel Enzyme Membrane transport Plant Potassium Sodium Transporter Turgor.Sodium (Na) is a silver-white coloured metal that has the atomic number 11 in the periodic table. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, these families gather at least 70 members. Three families of ion channels (Shaker, TPK/KCO, and TPC) and 3 families of transporters (HAK, HKT, and CPA) have been identified so far as contributing to K(+) and Na(+) transport across the plasmalemma and internal membranes, with high or low ionic selectivity. In contrast, due to natural salinity or irrigation with poor quality water, detrimental Na(+) concentrations, toxic for all crop species, are present in many soils, representing 6 % to 10 % of the earth's land area. The availability of K(+) ions in the soil solution, slowly released by soil particles and clays, is often limiting for optimal growth in most natural ecosystems. Thus, plant growth requires large quantities of K(+) ions that are taken up by roots from the soil solution, and then distributed throughout the plant. It is also involved in the activation of enzymes, protein synthesis, cell metabolism, and photosynthesis. Through the latter function in plants, it plays a role in turgor-driven cell and organ movements. It is involved in electrical neutralization of inorganic and organic anions and macromolecules, pH homeostasis, control of membrane electrical potential, and the regulation of cell osmotic pressure. In contrast, K(+) is an essential element. On the other hand, it can be a beneficial element, by replacing K(+) as vacuolar osmoticum for instance. Na(+) is not an essential element in most plants, except in some halophytes. In plants, it can be accumulated at high concentrations in vacuoles, where it is used as osmoticum. Thus, Na(+) is compartmentalized outside the cytoplasm. Accumulation of Na(+) at high concentrations in the cytoplasm results in deleterious effects on cell metabolism, e.g., on photosynthetic activity in plants. 0.1 M) is usually several times higher than that of Na(+). Rather, each electron 'feels' a Zeff that is less than the actual Z and that depends on the electrons orbital. For example, in lithium (Li), none of the three electrons 'feel' the full +3 charge from the nucleus (see Cartoon). We’ll also look at why Sodium forms a 1+ ion and how the electron configurati. The amount of positive charge experienced by any individual electron is the effective nuclear charge (Zeff). In all living organisms, K(+) is the major inorganic cation in the cytoplasm, where its concentration (ca. In this video we will write the electron configuration for Na+, the Sodium ion. The two alkali cations Na(+) and K(+) have similar relative abundances in the earth crust but display very different distributions in the biosphere.
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